Physarum

Publications

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2026Preprint (under review)

Decomposing Reasoning Efficiency in Large Language Models

Daniel Kaiser, Arnoldo Frigessi, Ali Ramezani-Kebrya, Benjamin Ricaud

Summary of Decomposing Reasoning Efficiency in Large Language Models

We decompose LLM reasoning token-efficiency into truncation robustness, conditional correctness, and workload-/trace-quality-normalized verbosity, to show that efficiency rankings can diverge from accuracy while revealing distinct sources of wasted tokens (verbosity, looping, or logic errors).

2026ICLR 2026

CogniLoad: A Synthetic Natural Language Reasoning Benchmark With Tunable Length, Intrinsic Difficulty, and Distractor Density

Daniel Kaiser, Arnoldo Frigessi, Ali Ramezani-Kebrya, Benjamin Ricaud

Summary of CogniLoad: A Synthetic Natural Language Reasoning Benchmark With Tunable Length, Intrinsic Difficulty, and Distractor Density

A synthetic benchmark grounded in Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) that generates natural-language logic puzzles with independently tunable parameters to diagnose LLM reasoning bottlenecks.

2025NeurIPS 2025: Workshop Efficient Reasoning

Decomposing Reasoning Efficiency

Daniel Kaiser, Arnoldo Frigessi, Ali Ramezani-Kebrya, Benjamin Ricaud

Summary of Decomposing Reasoning Efficiency

Building on the CogniLoad benchmark, this work introduces a novel efficiency metric for LLMs—tokens generated per solved puzzle—to evaluate computational cost alongside accuracy.

2020SSRN 3520684

Machine Learning-Based Financial Statement Analysis

Amir Amel-Zadeh, Jan-Peter Calliess, Daniel Kaiser, Stephen Roberts

Summary of Machine Learning-Based Financial Statement Analysis

Investigates the application of machine learning methods to forecast stock movements. First study to successfully apply Machine Learning to quantitative financial statement data.

Authors listed in alphabetic order. Please refer to my thesis instead with all details.

Academic recognition

  • Ranked in the top 1.5% of most downloaded authors on SSRN.
  • Full research scholarship at the Oxford-Man Institute for Quantitative Finance.
  • Second place in the CQA Fall 2020 academic competition.
  • Commendation from Oxford’s MPLS Division for exceptional viva performance.
  • Completed the MSc (by Research) in half the ordinary time.
  • Graduated BSc among the top 1% by study speed and GPA.
  • Won the Austrian foreign language competition in English three years in a row.